William Quantrill Character Analysis in True Grit | LitCharts Once he and his men caught nine Union soldiers in a schoolhouse and killed them. After I shot him,I went to help the others get Glasscock and Hockensmith. Dick Glasscock and Clark Hockensmith were the two bushwhackers who had turned to help Quantrill and were killed by the scouts. With the war over, Clements began hanging out in Lexington saloons with Dave Poole, who was now robbing banks. As with any larger-than-life historical figure, Quantrills story proves difficult, perhaps impossible, to determine where fact ends and legend begins. 2023 Missouri Life Magazine. American Revolution The guerrillas swore revenge and took it on September 27, 1864, at the Missouri town of Centralia. William was a school teacher in Ohio and Illinois for a brief period before going to Kansas with a party of settlers in 1857. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. During the weeks immediately preceding the raid, Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., had ordered the detention of any civilians giving aid to Quantrill's Raiders. Native Indians During a tumultuous winter in Texas, the group divided into bands, each commanded by a lieutenant such as George Todd and Bloody Bill Anderson. A low-level conflict had already been raging in the Missouri-Kansas borderlands in the years preceding the outbreak of the Civil War. In reply to one of Scotts letters, Langford wrote, Col. Oklahoma Historical Society, John Bartlett Meserve. He then took up with brigands and turned to cattle rustling and anything else that could earn him money. He was very, very good to me. Frank James was an early member of Quantrills band. Struggling with distance learning? At the time of his death, she was 17. [15], On November 5, 1862, Quantrill joined Colonel Warner Lewis to stage an attack on Lamar, Missouri, where a company of the 8th Regiment Missouri Volunteer Cavalry protected a Union outpost. A doctor examined him and advised him that his days were numbered and he should settle his business affairs. The Kansas City Journal proposed that the bushwackers should be decently treated, decently tried, decently convicted and decently hung.. The next year, their first child was born and they named her Katie Scarlett, Margaret Mitchell We endure hard times by the power of God. Privacy Policies, Heritage Post Some of the guerrillas were unwilling to live under Union occupation and joined General Jo Shelbys brigade as they crossed into Mexico to offer their services to Emperor Maximillian. . The Man Who Killed Quantrill Missouri Life Magazine Loved and respected by his men; hated and feared by his enemies; adored by the young Southern women who he met, and befriended by those who sought justice and protection: this was William Clarke Quantrill. Whether it was in retaliation for an attack by Senator James H. Lanes jayhawkers on Osceola, or revenge for the collapse of a womens prison in Kansas City that killed relatives of Bloody Bill Anderson and other guerrillas, the event that would come to be called the Lawrence Massacre was one of the largest and most significant acts of violence on civilians in the American Civil War. "At the same time I will counsel patience. Instant PDF downloads. [citation needed] Soon thereafter, he signed on as a teamster with the U.S. Army expedition heading to Salt Lake City, Utah in the spring of 1858. A squadron of around 425-450 guerrilla fighters prepared to cross the border into . While his boyhood friends were busy kicking soccer balls and hitting baseballs, David was in the woods of Salem with paper and pencil, capturing the details of a perched barn swallow or a purple martin. The garrison commander did not appreciate their humor but added their names to the roles as required and ordered them out of town. After Union troops removed the supports for the buildings central girder on the main floor, leading to the buildings collapse and the death of four women, including one of Andersons sisters. Here we can see posters from some of these highly fictional films, Quantrills Raiders, Kansas Raiders, The Bushwackers, and The Outlaw Josey Wales, in which the 24-year-old Anderson was played by the 55-year-old John Russell. The Ledger in yet another article on Friday, November 1, 1907, reported, Monday, Mr. Langford brought this office a batch of letters from W.W. Scott, of Canal Dover, Ohio, where Quantrells [sic] mother resided until her death and where the guerrilla was born and raised. Langford described the shooting in few words: I shot him in the left shoulderjust back of the shoulder bladethe ball ranging downward and lodging in the right groin. Quantrill was reportedly shot a second time as he fell, the bullet cutting off the trigger finger of his right hand. The shirt indicated the relationship the wearer had with its creator, mother, wife, sister, or girlfriend and was a symbol of the important role women played in sustaining the guerrillas and nursing their wounds. On that day, Sharp was found severely beaten and died several hours later without giving information about his attackers. Germans (who were called Dutch by the guerrillas) were routinely murdered by the bushwhackers, who regarded all of them as Unionists. He delighted in taking scalps and slitting throats. Battles [25], Another legend that has circulated claims that Quantrill may have escaped custody and fled to Arkansas, where he lived under the name of L.J. William Clarke Quantrill: [to Jesse] Napoleon made the profound Quantrill (William Clarke) Research Collection, 1858-1964 Biographies Bloody Bills brother Jim disappeared around 1867-68. William Quantrill Quotes, Quotations & Sayings 2022 While some guerrillas attempted to start new lives, others had developed a taste for theft and butchery that could not be sated in peace-time. Quantrills last battle occurred in a pasture and wooded draw and barn lot near Taylorville in Spencer County, Kentucky, on May 10, 1865. Cox put Bloody Bills body on display in Richmond Missouri. This poster (Generale Quantrill: The Human Beast) is actually for an American movie called Dark Command, with Walter Pigeon playing William Cantrell. The films Italian distributors apparently felt Quantrill was more marketable, restoring his real name, making it the title, and promoting him to General in the process. Both sides founded groups that sponsored and located settlers of their political persuasions: antislavery abolitionist jayhawkers to Kansas and states-rights proslavery secessionists to Missouri. Todd was born in Montreal and was probably the only Canadian amongst the guerrillas. [19], In early October, Quantrill and his men rode south to Texas, where they decided to pass the winter. His name is Tom Chaney. William Clarke Quantrill: There are some things a woman simply cannot The Guerrilla shirt could be read by anyone familiar with the code of different flowers, their arrangement, and the color thread used for ornamentation. Lieutenant Colonel Samuel P. Cox had been assigned the task of eliminating Anderson. The fact that a bullet from his revolver closed the career of the celebrated Quantrell [sic] was common talk among the twenty-eight men who composed the scouting party, the Ledger reported in the same story. They settled at Marais des Cygnes, but things did not go as well as planned. The very nature of warfare in Civil War Missouri, often unseen and unrecorded, has rendered it difficult to produce a definitive account of the guerrillas despite the best efforts of many highly competent historians. As a result, there are grave markers for Quantrill in Louisville, Dover, and Higginsville.[24]. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. His father was Thomas Henry Quantrill, formerly of Hagerstown, Maryland, and his mother, Caroline Cornelia Clark, was a native of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The Navy Colt was lighter than the Army Colt and thus preferable to men trying to carry as many as three to six at a time, which provided them with enormous firepower in battle. True Grit Character Analysis | LitCharts William Quantrill - The Man, the Myth, the Soldier - Legends of America Teachers and parents! When asked why he joined Quantrill, Anderson replied by saying, "I have chosen guerrilla warfare to revenge myself for wrongs that I could not honorable revenge otherwise. During this time, Quantrill helped support the family by continuing to work as a schoolteacher, but he left home a year later and headed to Mendota, Illinois. Explorers Menu. Sarah Quantrill | History of American Women I will hunt you down like wolves and murder you. .state-topmenu { color: #000; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase; word-spacing: 7px; z-index: 999999; }, AboutPublicationsLibrary Archives amhpo.com. It is set during the American Civil War and involves Jesse more . After the Civil War, he drifted to Illinois and on to southwest Iowa. Clements opened fire on them and the rest of the bushwackers joined in. Quantrill then joined a group of Missouri ruffians and became somewhat of a drifter. Fueling this conflict was a dispute over whether Kansas should be a slave-holding state or not. Warned about the attack, the Union soldiers were able to repel the raiders, who torched part of the town before they retreated.[16]. It was the first public sign of the combination of vicious anger and callous regard for life that would characterize his short career as a guerrilla leader. You cannot escape." Counter-Measures Union counter-measures included the death penalty for interfering with the railroads. This raid was the culmination of an . In May 1862, Bill and Jim took revenge on a man named Baxter who had killed their father in a dispute. Johnston unwisely left half his force at Centralia to chase a small group of bushwackers led by Dave Poole, who led them into a large clearing in the midst of a forest. William Quantrill Quotes. QuotesGram On June 6, 1865, some twenty-seven days after he was wounded, Quantrill died. Upon reaching adulthood, Quantrill briefly taught school in Ohio. In the spring of 1865, now leading only a few dozen pro-confederates, Quantrill staged a series of raids in western Kentucky. This included Henry Torrey and Harmon Beeson, two local men hoping to build a large farm for their families out west. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Quantrill&oldid=1151901351, People of Missouri in the American Civil War, People of Kansas in the American Civil War, People of Kentucky in the American Civil War, Terrorist incidents in the United States by perpetrator, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with trivia sections from June 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. In Missouri, following the path of Quantrill's raiders William C. Quantrill - Ohio History Central At least two heard his pleas and turned back to wait for him, guaranteeing their demise from pursuing gunshots as their leader fell mortally wounded. It was Mayes who taught Quantrill guerrilla warfare tactics, the ambush fighting tactics used by the Native Americans, as well as camouflage and the tactic of the sneak attack. On May 10, Quantrill and his band were caught in a Union ambush at Wakefield Farm. Partners in Crime. While it is possible that at least half the Missouri population were against secession, repressive measures by out-of-state Union forces turned many into reluctant supporters of the Southern cause. Quick-Quotes Quill | Harry Potter Wiki | Fandom Most of the Union prisoners begged for their lives. Familiar faces at these events included Cole Younger, Frank James, and John Noland, Quantrills loyal Black-American scout. 130 pounds and five feet of perpetually grinning malevolence, Clements was once described as Bloody Bills chief devil. Clements family home had been burned down and his brother murdered by Union militia, leaving Archie with a thirst for Union blood. He was on a good horse, quick to gain on the footman. The terrified men scrambled wildly for their horses, Connelley wrote, adding that those who were fortunate enough to mount, fled in a mad route. Sleeping in the barn loft, Quantrill was unable to secure his gun-shy mount and pursued his men on foot. By the summer of 1863, it was obvious the war in the West was lost. The unit that successfully ambushed Quantrill and his followers was led by Edwin W. Terrell, a guerrilla hunter charged with finding and eliminating high-profile targets by General John M. Palmer, the commander of the District of Kentucky. Quantrill's father earned a living as a coppersmith. Clements, however, returned to town to have a drink with a friend. Events & Documents, Civil War A stagecoach rolled in and was promptly robbed before a train arrived. Facebook Status Intelligence Action Advice Philosophy Religion Fashion Doing Your Best Right Art Self-knowledge Solution Literature Losing Self-esteem Possibility Happiness Questioning Two days later, Terrell returned, having concluded that the wounded man was Quantrill. Most of the early settlers who established homes, farms, and businesses in the northwest Missouri frontier were of Southern origin, hailing from states such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. By the time the war started, Missouris pro-rebel guerrillas were known as Bushwackers, while their pro-Federal counterparts in Kansas were known as Jayhawkers or Redlegs from their preference for red pants as a type of uniform. With perhaps a bit of trepidation still in his heart, he delayed releasing much information locally except to family and close friends. However, most of the soldiers fighting the guerrillas were young, inexperienced conscripts of the Missouri militia. The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career took place on August 21, 1863. Kansas Raiders 1950. Anderson set off on his own with 20 men in March 1864. Frank James later claimed his brother Jesse was the one to kill Major Johnston, but this is questionable Jesse may not have even been there. The aims and reputation of the Confederacy would henceforth play little if any role in determining his strategy and tactics. The final death toll was three guerrillas to at least 116 Union dead. He never forgot his old mother. Seeing his target go down, Langford turned to assist the other soldiers of the Kentucky regiment. The Quantrill band joined with other guerrilla groups operating in the Bluegrass State, such as the group led by Marcellus Jerome Clark (also known as Sue Mundy) to terrorize with relatively little fear of reprisal or punishment. The area was so thoroughly devastated that it became known thereafter as the "Burnt District". Here they are: 1. Union troops marched through behind them and burned buildings, torched planted fields, and shot down livestock to deprive the guerrillas of food, fodder and support. Soon Bill was mounting small raids into Missouri, though his devotion to the Confederate cause was questionable he told a friend he was trying to recruit that he didnt care anything about the South, but there was good money in bushwacking. Genre: Western. 150 years later, Quantrill's raid on Lawrence still stirs deep emotions 3. HE RODE WITH, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Both Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his Secretary of War Judah Benjamin were opposed to the existence of guerrilla bands outside government control, but with ever-larger parts of the Confederacy passing beyond the control of regular forces, the guerrillas presented a lone if distasteful alternative. Civil War Guerilla Leaders - History 11 (not to be confused with General Ulysses S. Grant's order of the same name). When the Civil War erupted, pro-slavery guerilla warfare had already been going on for several years in "Bloody Kansas." He went onto to become a Confederate Captain in 1862. The plan was to take St. Louis, but it was too heavily defended. Most of the bands now consisted of reckless and ruthless teenagers with lots of violent energy but little judgment. It would be this group of "scouts," under the command of a young officer of the worst imaginable reputation, that would hunt down William Quantrill and end his life. Bills grey mare was found adorned with Union scalps. Updated on January 08, 2020. One small group of raiders headed across the cow pasture for the timber. He had moved from Georgia to the old Indian Territory in 1838. Although he doesnt talk much about it. Chapter 7 Quotes Rita Skeeter's Quick-Quotes Quill taking notes. jesse james: last words As the name Bushwacker implies, the main tactic of the guerrillas was the ambush, sudden attack followed by a quick withdrawal and dispersal on fast mounts into country best known to the guerrillas. William Quantrill was a pro-slavery guerilla leader during the Civil War. Instead Price began a meandering march in which he wasted his strength in a series of pointless battles. Thirty-two such reunions were held, with the image of William Quantrill adopted as a kind of icon for the veterans, who posed with his portrait and wore ribbons with his image. Senator Jim Lane, for example, led his Jayhawkers into Missouri in September 1861. You cannot escape.. Bloody Bills reign of terror came to an end on October 27, 1864, at Albany Missouri. The ferocity and brutality of a conflict waged between neighbors and families precluded the possibility of an easy transition into a post-war peace. Even the remains of the troubled young warrior, William Clarke Quantrill, have found little peace in death. After killing their captives execution-style but shots to the head, the guerrillas brought out their Bowie knives and tomahawks and spent the coming hours in what a witness described as a carnival of blood, dismembering, scalping, mutilating and decapitating their near-naked victims. During the caravan, Quantrill was heavily guarded but treated with respect. Born in Canal Dover (today, simply called Dover), Ohio, on July 31, 1837, Quantrill was a bright but troubled young man. William Quantrill Quotes Free Daily Quotes . Quotes. In March 1864, General Price reportedly made Quantrill a colonel in the CSA in exchange for turning over a large number of his men to the army. Trending. American Confederate guerilla leader (18371865). There were only two Union wounded, and these only survived the massacre because they had managed to flee. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Unsettled, he appeared to always be on the move, often pushed and honed by associations with gamblers, thieves, and killers in his late teens. After being repelled, Quantrill surprised and destroyed a Union relief column under General James G. Blunt, who escaped, but almost 100 Union soldiers were killed. When Mattie tells Rooster that LaBoeuf is a Texas Ranger, he simply makes fun of the man, disparaging his Texan vanity. His once-large band broke up into several smaller guerrilla companies. William Quantrill Quick Facts Significance: Canal Dover, OH July 31, 1837 Place Of Death: Louisville, KY Date Of Death: June 6, 1865 Place Of Burial: Louisville, KY Cemetery Name: St. John's Catholic Cemetery William Clark Quantrill was born in 1837 in Ohio, where he was raised and taught school. TSHA | Quantrill, William Clarke - Handbook of Texas Quantrill was born in Ohio on July 31, 1837. Newsletter On Christmas Eve, 1895, a shooting occurred in a North St. Louis saloon that was destined to find a prominentand permanentplace in American oral tradition. Quantrill, William Clarke (1837-1865). Various experiments in counter-insurgency strategies failed to drive the guerrillas from the field by the end of the war. The Union responded to the Lawrence massacre by driving away from the population of three Missouri counties and allowing Jennisons Redlegs to torch everything left. The general was chased into Indian Territory, and by the time he returned to Arkansas he had only half the 12,000 men he had started with. The police were unable to solve the murder. Archives, A nation which does not remember what it was yesterday does not know where it is today., The Heritage Post -Preserving American History, Columbus: Sailor, Mariner, Providential Pathfinder, Letter from SC Commissioners to President Buchanan Asking Him to Withdraw Federal Troops from Charleston Harbor, 28 December 1860, https://www.scribd.com/doc/267011623/doug-scott-report?secret_password=JA9mGQDVbs3Yvzd6ENoX#fullscreen&from_embed. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. One of the main units engaged against Anderson, the 17th Illinois Cavalry, was described by their commanding general as unreliable and almost worthless, so the idea that these second-rate troops might have made a difference elsewhere is very much open to question. Similar Items. A further order forcing the conscription of all able-bodied men into Union militias convinced many young men in Missouri to join the guerrillas instead. After leading a Confederate bushwhacker unit along the Missouri-Kansas border in the early 1860s, which included the infamous raid and sacking of Lawrence, Kansas in 1863, Quantrill eventually ended up in Kentucky where he was killed in a Union ambush in 1865, aged 27 . Quantrill's Raiders | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Because I would not fight the people of Missouri, my native State, the Yankees sought my life but failed to get me. Although they mistrusted the 19-year-old William, his mother's pleadings persuaded them to let her son accompany them in an effort to get him to turn his life around. Chapter 3 Quotes I said, "I have hopes that the marshals will get him soon. Most had never joined the army, were paroled prisoners, or even deserters. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. As passions faded over the post-war decades, the Missouri guerrillas began to hold reunions in 1898 like other Confederate units. Paul R. Petersen, December 2004. ): A Thrilling Record, Founded on Facts and Observations Obtained During Ten Days Experience with Colonel William T. Anderson (the Notorious Guerrilla Chieftain), Des Moines, Iowa, 1868, Goodrich, Thomas: Black Flag: Guerrilla Warfare on the Western Border, 1861-1865, Indiana University Press, Bloomington Ill., 1995, Leslie, Edward E.: The Devil Knows How to Ride: The True Story of William Quantrill and His Confederate Raiders, New York, 1998, McLachlan, Sean: American Civil War Guerrilla Tactics, Oxford, 2009, Oates, Stephen B.: Confederate Cavalry West of the River, Austin (3rd ed. Quantrill's raiders later added about 50 more men at the "Massey Creek rendezvous" in western Cass County. Some historians have suggested that Quantrill had actually planned to raid Lawrence before the building's collapse, in retaliation for earlier Jayhawker attacks[17][pageneeded] as well as the burning of Osceola, Missouri. A school teacher from Ohio, Quantrill became one of the most notorious figures of the US Civil War. In a twisted set of circumstances, some playing out in more recent years, the guerrilla leaders bones have been scattered in restless interment at Dover, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; and the old Confederate Soldiers Home cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri. Did they enjoy the fear they saw in their victims eyes? The way the content is organized. In May 1863 the brothers discovered their family home was nothing more than charred ruins, courtesy of the Kansas Jayhawkers. Murder, mutilation, looting, and arson were not quickly forgotten crimes and there was little chance they could be considered as simply the fortunes of war. The answer is yes to all. The reason for the bloody raid that left nearly two hundred men dead and caused between $1 million and $1.5 million in damage (in 1863 dollars) is still the subject of speculation. William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 - June 6, 1865) was an early American outlaw and Confederate guerrilla cavalry leader during the American Civil War . [1] Quantrill's famous or infamous raid upon the sleeping town of Lawrence in the predawn hours of August 21, 1863, has been the subject of endless discourse and debate. Of Raiders and Reunions: A KC Q Answered - Kansas City Public Library Cooking was done only at night to avoid the smoke being seen and riders would enter or leave individually, each taking a different route and then reuniting at a pre-planned location. It looks like we don't have any Quotes for this title yet. I aim to see him shot or hanged." "Yes, yes, well might you labor to that end," said Stonehill. He also called the Democrats "the worst men we have for they are all rascals, for no one can be a democrat here without being one". He orchestrated a raid into Missouri to liberate some slaves. Almost two years later, Terrell, the Union renegade, was shot by the town marshal of Shelbyville, after fleeing from prosecution for the murder of an Illinois stock merchant. On August 14, the building collapsed, killing four young women and seriously injuring others. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. In 1860, he joined a group of free-state activists, jayhawkers in Kansas, switching over later to lead a band of pro- Confederate guerrillas in Missouri to kill and maim Union soldiers and pro-North citizens. Halleck issued an order in March 1862 that declared the Confederate guerrillas to be outlaws subject to summary execution. . For shelter, they would dig or find a cave in an inaccessible spot deep in the woods and conceal the entrance. The rest of his body was dragged through the streets. He mounted his horse and got partway down the street before falling prey to sharpshooters who lined the rooftops to prevent his escape. As Quantrills band maneuvered through Kentucky dressed in federal uniforms, the men passed themselves off openly as members of the nonexistent US 4th Missouri Cavalry. The edict ordered the depopulation of three and a half Missouri counties along the Kansas border with the exception of a few designated towns, which forced tens of thousands of civilians to abandon their homes. Quantrill is often noted as influential in the minds of many bandits, outlaws and hired guns of the Old West as it was being settled. Only later, in the 1850s, did settlers from northern states such as Ohio migrate to the fertile, well-watered forests and prairies, armed with their convictions. The surviving guerrillas might even have judged their campaign as a success in their own terms: Was bloody revenge dealt out to the Union troops and their supporters? [28] Some of Quantrill's celebrity later rubbed off on other ex-Raiders, like John Jarrett, George and Oliver Shepherd, Jesse and Frank James, and Cole Younger, who went on after the war to apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics to bank and train robbery. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. William Quantrill | Civil War Wiki | Fandom
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