Upon learning the young man was a tourist, Nilsen offered to show Ockenden several London landmarks, an offer which Ockenden accepted. [112] Opening a drain cover at the side of the house, Cattran discovered the drain was packed with a flesh-like substance and numerous small bones of unknown origin. Prior to moving into Melrose Avenue, Nilsen negotiated a deal with the landlord whereby he and Gallichan had exclusive use of the garden at the rear of the property. Nilsen later recollected that he was sexually attracted to Gallichan, but the pair seldom had intercourse. When I take alcohol, I see myself drawn along and moved out of my isolated, prison flat. [103] Believing he had killed Stottor, Nilsen seated the youth in his armchair, then noted his mongrel dog, Bleep, licking Stottor's face. [61], Nilsen killed his first victim, 14-year-old Stephen Holmes, on 30 December 1978. Great Crimes and Trials of the 20th Century, List of prisoners with whole-life tariffs, List of serial killers by number of victims, List of serial killers in the United Kingdom, "Dennis Nilsen: Eight Chilling Facts About the Scottish Serial Killer", "Serial Killer who Murdered 'At Least' 15 Men Dies in Jail", "Netflix to Produce True-crime Documentary Based on Dennis Nilsen's Posthumously Published Autobiography", "Nilsen Describes How he Murdered his First Victim", "Free BMD Entry Information: Ockenden, Kenneth J. Kenneth Ockenden was a Canadian student Nilsen invited for a meal Credit: Collect WITH a taste for blood, Nilson didn't leave it long before targeting his next victim, a Canadian tourist called Kenneth Ockenden who he met in a pub on December 3, 1979. ", "Free BMD Entry Information: Barlow, Malcolm S.", "Would You Buy the Former Flat of One of Britain's Worst Serial Killers? This ruling ensured Nilsen would never be released from prison, a punishment he accepted. Three months after Nilsen's June 1982 promotion to the position of executive officer in his employment, he encountered a 27-year-old named Graham Allen attempting to hail a taxi in Shaftesbury Avenue. Nilsen manually strangled Barlow as he slept, before stowing his body beneath his kitchen sink the following morning.[92]. Nilsen was initially resistant to the proposal, but accepted an offer of 1,000 from the landlord to vacate the residence. Nilsen was eventually sentenced to life imprisonment in1983 and died in 2018 in prison. [174] He writes: "When I was with people, I was in the 'real' world, and in my private life, I snapped instantly into my fantasy life. [4] After the birth of her third child, Nilsen's mother concluded she had "rushed into marriage without thinking". [156] Croom-Johnson sentenced Nilsen to life imprisonment with a recommendation that he serve a minimum of 25 years' imprisonment. Tragic story of Kenneth Ockenden and how he fell into Dennis Nilsens THE heartbroken family of one of Dennis Nilsen's victims has slammed ITV for cashing in on the serial killer's twisted crimes. [176] Several items confiscated from Nilsen's Cranley Gardens addresssome of which had been introduced as evidence at Nilsen's trialare on display at New Scotland Yard's Crime Museum. [144] Upon cross-examination, the defence counsel sought to undermine Stewart's credibility, pointing to minor inconsistencies in the testimony, the fact he had consumed much alcohol on the night in question, and suggesting his memory had been selectively magnified as he had previously sold his story to the press. At 5:40 pm on 11 February, Nilsen was charged with Sinclair's murder, and a statement revealing this was released to the press. Nilsen was questioned in relation to the incident, but Ho decided not to press charges. He initially panicked, flailing his arms and shouting. Notorious UK serial killer and necrophiliac Dennis Nilsen dies in For almost two months, any acquaintances Nilsen encountered and lured to his flat were not assaulted in any manner,[44] although he did attempt to strangle a 19-year-old student named Paul Nobbs on 23 November 1981,[96] but stopped himself from completing the act. The prosecution counsel opened the case for the Crown by describing the events of February 1983 leading to the identification of human remains in the drains at Cranley Gardens and Nilsen's subsequent arrest, the discovery of three dismembered bodies in his property, his detailed confession, his leading investigators to the charred bone fragments of twelve further victims killed at Melrose Avenue, and the efforts he had taken to conceal his crimes. I had no other thrill or happiness". When Nilsen enquired as to Barlow's welfare, he was informed the medication Barlow was prescribed for his epilepsy had caused his legs to weaken. Gallwey further added that someone suffering from these episodic breakdowns is most likely to disintegrate under circumstances of social isolation. [103], In his subsequent testimony at Nilsen's trial, Stottor stated he initially believed Nilsen was trying to free him from the zip of the sleeping bag, before he returned to a state of unconsciousness. After meeting at a pub, the pair went to a few big tourist spots together . ", Nilsen's written recollections of the ritual he observed after the murder of his first victim. Upon washing his face in Nilsen's bathroom, as Nobbs noted his eyes were bloodshot and his face completely red, Nilsen had exclaimed, "God! His second victim, killed in late 1979, was Canadian student Kenneth Ockenden, who was visiting relatives in the capital. The following morning, Nilsen awoke to find the sleeping Holmes beside him on his bed. Upon cross-examination, Green largely focused upon the degree of awareness shown by Nilsen and his ability to make decisions. In the five years between 1978 to 1983, Dennis Nilsen brought home fifteen young men with him from London bars. [84] To disguise the smell of the burning flesh of the six dissected bodies placed upon this pyre, Nilsen crowned the bonfire with an old car tyre. [53] By late-1978 he was living a solitary existence; he had experienced at least three failed relationships in the previous eighteen months, and he later confessed to having developed an increasing conviction that he was unfit to live with. Nilsen said that three unidentified victims he had initially confessed to killingan Irishman in September 1980; a "long-haired hippy" in November or December 1980, and an English skinhead in April 1981had been invented to simply "complement the continuity of evidence". Months later, the regiment was transferred to West Berlin, where, the same year, Nilsen had his first sexual experience with a female: a prostitute whose services he solicited. These fantasies gradually evolved into his partner being unconscious[26] or dead. After Nilsen and this victim had consumed several beverages, Nilsen strangled him with a tie and subsequently placed the body beneath the floorboards. [127] He also emphasised that he took no pleasure from the act of killing, but "worshipped the art and the act of death". Early History of the Ockenden family. All of Nilsen's murders were committed at the two North London addresses where he lived between 1978 and 1983. With reference to one victim, Kenneth Ockenden, Nilsen noted that Ockenden's "body and skin were very beautiful", adding the sight "almost brought me to tears". He had been on a tour around Britain when he met Nilsen in a pub, and was invited back to his flat for a meal. The couple divorced in 1948. He then laid Ockenden's corpse spreadeagled above him on his bed as he watched television for several hours before wrapping the body in plastic bags and stowing the corpse beneath the floorboards. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. He had no memory of the assault. He died at York Hospital on 12 May 2018 of a pulmonary embolism and a retroperitoneal haemorrhage, which occurred following surgery to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In a tactful reference to the primary dispute between opposing counsel at the trial, Green closed his opening speech with an answer Nilsen had given to police in response to a question as to whether he needed to kill: "At the precise moment of the act [of murder], I believe I am right in doing the act". 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. On the way home, they stopped off at an off licence store and purchased whisky, rum and beer. This posting was more dangerous than his previous postings in West Germany or Norway, and Nilsen later recalled his regiment losing several men, often in ambushes en route to the army barracks. In December, Nilsen resigned from the police. He had been on a tour of Britain when he came across Nilsen in a pub and he was taken around London. [169], Nilsen repeatedly sought legal avenues to challenge real and perceived abuses of prison rules by prison officersregularly petitioning the Home Office and, later, the European Court of Human Rights with complaints. Throughout this committal hearing, he was represented by a solicitor named Ronald Moss, whom he had previously dismissed as his legal representative on 21 April,[137] before Moss was reappointed to the role after Nilsen had complained to magistrates he had been afforded no facilities with which he could mount his own defence. [29] On one occasion, Nilsen discovered that, by using a free-standing mirror, he could create an effect whereby if positioning the mirror so his head was out of view, he could visualise himself engaged in a sexual act with another man. [170][171] The legal case he brought against the prison service was dismissed because he could not establish that any breach of his human rights had occurred.[172]. After they'd go to sleep in his . [145] Nobbs had not reported the attack to police for fear of his sexuality being discovered. The 23-year-old was due to fly home to Canada the following day. Dennis Andrew Nilsen was born on 23 November 1945 in Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, the second of three children born to Elizabeth Duthie Whyte and Olav Magnus Moksheim (who had adopted the surname Nilsen). In effect, Nilsen was not guilty of "malice aforethought". Former Doctor Who star David Tennant is due to play one of Britain's. One hour later, Nilsen unsuccessfully attempted to rouse Howlett, then sat on the edge of the bed drinking rum as he stared at Howlett before deciding to kill him. With heavy hearts, we announce the death of Kenneth F Adkison (Garden City, Michigan), who passed away on April 30, 2023 at the age of 97. [155] Refuting the testimony of MacKeith and Gallwey, Bowden further testified he had found no evidence of maladaptive behaviour, and that Nilsen suffered from no disorder of the mind. [43] Nilsen was initially posted to a Jobcentre in Denmark Street, where his primary role was to find employment for unskilled labourers. [69][n 4], On 11 October 1979, Nilsen attempted to murder a student from Hong Kong named Andrew Ho, whom he had met in a St Martin's Lane pub and lured to his flat on the promise of sex. The pair stopped at an off licence en route to Nilsen's residence and purchased whisky, rum, and beer, with Ockenden insisting on sharing the bill. His ashes were later handed to his family. [98] There, both Nilsen and Howlett drank as they watched a film, before Howlett walked into Nilsen's front room and fell asleep in his bed (which was located in the front room at this time). ", Extract from Nilsen's prison journals, written while on remand, April 1983. Over two days, Bowden testified that, although he found Nilsen to be abnormal in a colloquial sense, he had concluded Nilsen to be a manipulative person who had been capable of forming relationships, but had forced himself to objectify people. This recommendation was later changed to a whole life tariff in December 1994. At 23 Cranley Gardens, Nilsen had no access to a garden, and as he resided in an attic flat, he was unable to stow any bodies beneath his floorboards. Throughout 1978, he devoted an ever-increasing amount of his time, effort and assiduity to his work,[54] and most evenings he spent consuming spirits and/or lager as he listened to music. [165][166], In September 1992, Central Television conducted an interview with Nilsen as part of the programme Viewpoint 1993 Murder In Mind, which focused upon offender profiling. Her parents, Andrew and Lily (ne Duthie) Whytewho had never approved of their daughter's choice of husbandwere supportive of their daughter following her divorce and considerate of their grandchildren. [58] The victims killed in 1982 and 1983 at his Muswell Hill residence were retained at his flat, with their flesh and smaller bones flushed down the lavatory. On 31 October 1951, while fishing in the North Sea, he died of a heart attack at the age of 62. Noting a skull was still intact, he smashed it to pieces with his rake. [158] As a Category A prisoner, he was assigned his own cell and could mix freely with other inmates. Nilsen's first murder victim was identified in 2006 as 14-year-old Stephen Holmes. On more than one occasion, he had removed the internal organs from the victims' bodies and placed them in bags, which he then typically dumped behind a fence to be eaten by wildlife. [111] The following day, he refused to allow an acquaintance to enter his property, the reason being he had begun to dismember Sinclair's body on the floor of his kitchen. Prior to their dissection, Nilsen removed their internal organs,[57] which he disposed of either beside a fence behind his flat or close to Gladstone Park. [39] He began to drink alone in the evenings. Ockenden. Nilsen is again known to have informed his employers he was ill and unable to attend work on 9 October 1982likely in order that he could complete the dissection of Allen's body. But it was in Nilsens home where Ockenden was strangled with the cord of Nilsens headphones as he listened to music. The Nilsen Files: The shocking truth I found in the archives Following the closing arguments of both prosecution and defence, the jury retired to consider their verdict on 3 November 1983. Ockenden was sadly killed on December 3, 1979, at Nilsens home on Melrose Avenue. The defence counsel, Ivan Lawrence QC, argued that Nilsen suffered from diminished responsibility, rendering him incapable of forming the intention to commit murder, and should therefore be convicted only of manslaughter.[142][138]. Philip Serrell's beautiful family life with wife and daughter, and clever secret behind why he always wears a scarf; Story Saved. Tragic story of Kenneth Ockenden and how he fell into Dennis Nilsen's depraved clutches; Read More Related Articles. Who was Kenneth Ockenden? | The Scottish Sun Within weeks, Nilsen began to excel in his army duties; he later described his three years of training at Aldershot as "the happiest of my life". After learning he was a tourist, Nilsen offered to show him the sights. [180][181][182], On 10 May 2018, Nilsen was taken from HMP Full Sutton to York Hospital after complaining of severe stomach pains. At least two men who survived Nilsen's attempts to murder them recall Nilsen drunkenly muttering to himself about consulting "the professor" with regards to whether they could permanently "stay with [him]" in the minutes before they were attacked. Nilsen strangled him with a headphone cord. DCI Jay then recounted the circumstances of Nilsen's arrest and his "calm, matter-of-fact" confessions, before reading to the court several statements volunteered by Nilsen following his arrest. Mother Ivy Gadd. He kept his sexuality hidden from his family and his few friends. On 26 May, Nilsen was committed to stand trial at the Old Bailey on five counts of murder and two of attempted murder (a sixth murder charge was later added). Nilsen also admitted to having unsuccessfully attempted to kill approximately seven other people, who had either escaped or, on one occasion, had been at the brink of death but had been revived and allowed to leave his residence. [74] In several instances, he talked to the victim's body as it remained seated in a chair or prone on his bed,[131] and he recalled being emotional as he marvelled at the beauty of their bodies. Kenneth Ockenden. Still a cadet and junior constable, he performed several arrests but never had to physically subdue a member of the public. Daily Star. [46] Nilsen engaged Stottor in conversation, discovering he was depressed following a failed relationship. Nilsen held this grip until Duffey became unconscious; he then dragged the youth into his kitchen and drowned him in his sink[76] before bathing with the bodywhich he recollected as being "the youngest-looking I had ever seen. Next he killed Kenneth Ockenden on December 3, 1979, a 23-year-old Canadian student. To Nilsen, this ruse created the ideal circumstance in which he could visually "split" his personality: in these masturbatory fantasies, Nilsen alternately envisaged himself as being both the domineering and the passive partner. He also stated that, beginning in December 1978, he had killed "twelve or thirteen" men at his former address, 195 Melrose Avenue. [105], On 26 January 1983, Nilsen killed his final victim, 20-year-old Stephen Sinclair. "[143] This, the prosecution attested, reflected Nilsen's rational, cool presence of mind in that he hoped to be overheard by other tenants. At Melrose Avenue, Nilsen typically retained the victims' bodies for a much longer period before disposing of the remains. Kenneth Donnan Lawson Obituary. Meanwhile, David Wilson, who was a prison governor while the serial killer, has recently discussed details of his encounters with Nilsen. One of Nilsen's stalking grounds was Camden, North London. Kenneth Hagans Obituary. [30] These fantasies gradually evolved to incorporate his own near-death experience with the Arab taxi driver; the dead bodies he had seen in Aden; and imagery within a 19th-century oil painting entitled The Raft of the Medusa, which depicts an old man holding the limp, nude body of a dead youth as he sits aside the dismembered body of another young male. [38], In April 1973, Nilsen completed his police training and was posted to Willesden Green. Another 158 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1330, 1607, 1660, 1661, 1455, 1487, 1614, 1686, 1645, 1651, 1703, 1620 and 1669 are included under the topic Early Ockenden History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. A drifter and a loner, Nilsen served in the army. [88], The final victim to be murdered at Melrose Avenue was 23-year-old Malcolm Barlow,[90] whom Nilsen discovered slumped against a wall outside his home on 17 September 1981. Not hereat the police station." [n 3], Initially, Nilsen experienced domestic contentment with Gallichan, but within a year of their moving to Melrose Avenue, the superficial relationship between the two men began to show signs of strain. Ockendens death came two months after the attempted murder of a Hong Kong student Andrew Ho. He was not charged with this murder as the Crown Prosecution Service decided that a prosecution would not be in the public interest, and would not contribute to his current sentence. Quick access. Ockenden was one of the three victims who had fixed address at the time of his death as others were mainly runaways, homeless or sex workers. On 4 February 1983, Nilsen wrote a letter of complaint to estate agents complaining that the drains at Cranley Gardens were blocked, and that the situation for both himself and the other tenants at the property was intolerable. [18] Nilsen made no efforts to seek sexual contact with any of the peers to whom he was sexually attracted, although he later said he had been fondled by an older youth and did not find the experience unpleasant. Although Nilsen initially resented his stepfather (whom he viewed as an unfair disciplinarian) he gradually came to grudgingly respect him. Who was Kenneth Ockenden? But one man that didn't quite fit the same pattern was Kenneth Ockenden. Kenneth Ockenden was killed on December 3, 1979, and he was a 23-year-old Canadian student. Nilsen did not lodge an appeal, accepting that the Crown's casethat he had had the capacity to control his actions and that he had killed with premeditationwas essentially correct. Nilsen asked why the police were interested in his drains and also whether or not the two officers present with Jay were health inspectors. [74], The following day, Nilsen purchased a Polaroid camera and photographed Ockenden's body in various suggestive positions. "The Muswell Hill Murderer" Dennis Nilsen Pt. 2: The Murders He bragged of this sexual encounter to his colleagues, but later stated he found intercourse with a female both "over-rated" and "depressing". After a brief courtship he married Elizabeth Whyte in May 1942. Police interviewed Nilsen on sixteen separate occasions over the following days, in interviews which totalled over thirty hours. His first victim was 14-year-old Stephen Holmes in 1978, who would become the blueprint for Nilsen's murders when he was killed in 1978. Following Duffey's murder, Nilsen began to kill with increasing frequency. [23] After three weeks at the factory, Nilsen informed his mother that he intended to join the army, where he intended to train as a chef. Albert Ockenden was born in 1897 (GRO reference Mar 1897 Epsom 2a 15) to George Edmund and Elizabeth Harriet Ockenden (nee Dudley). Nilsen's identified victims were: Stephen Dean. [7] He later described this stage of his childhood as one of contentment,[8] and his grandfather being his "great hero and protector", adding that whenever his grandfather (who was a fisherman) was at sea, "Life would be empty [for me] until he returned. After plying him with alcohol,[102] Nilsen invited Stottor to his flat, assuring his guest he had no intention of sexual activity. A new documentary recounts his vicious crimes. One bag was found to contain two dissected torsos, one of which had been vertically dissected, and a shopping bag containing various internal organs. [151] These factors could be attributed to an unspecified personality disorder from which MacKeith believed Nilsen suffered. As Cattran had arrived at the property at dusk, he and Wheeler agreed to postpone further investigation into the blockage until the following morning. (Gallichan later informed investigators that he had chosen to end the relationship.[52]). Holmes encountered Nilsen in the Cricklewood Arms pub, where Holmes had unsuccessfully attempted to purchase alcohol. In his subsequent written confessions, Nilsen stated he was "afraid to wake him in case he left me". The body was brought to shore and back to the house, but Nilsen later claimed that he wasn't told what . History of Dennis Nilsen Crimes Murders and Victims Both men immediately called the police who, upon closer inspection, discovered further small bones and scraps of what looked to the naked eye like either human or animal flesh in the same pipe. Fly Us to the Moon | Memorial Spaceflights - Celestis Nilsen's victims - Stephen Holmes, Kenneth Ockenden,. Immediately after the testimony of Nobbs had concluded, Carl Stottor took the stand to recount how, in May 1982, Nilsen had attempted to strangle and drown him, before bringing him "back to life". [175], At least four victims killed between 1980 and 1981 at Melrose Avenue remain unidentified. Gallichan later informed police that he was sexually "uninterested" in Nilsen. Gallwey conceded that Nilsen was intellectually aware of his actions, but stressed that, due to his personality disorder, Nilsen did not appreciate the criminal nature of what he had done. Kenneth Ockenden was one of his first victims and one of the few to be reported missing. His final three victims were killed at 23 Cranley Gardens. [46], In November 1975, Nilsen encountered a 20-year-old man named David Gallichan being threatened outside a pub by two other men. Kenneth Hagans Obituary (1941 - 2023) | Seneca, Missouri - Echovita The couple met in Hamilton, Ontario, where Irene's family fled Russia's invasion of Estonia at the end of World War II. [2] Moksheim was a Norwegian soldier who had travelled to Scotland in 1940 as part of the Free Norwegian Forces following the German occupation of Norway. Dennis Nilsen details that weren't included in ITV's drama Des He is believed to be the second known victim at the hands of Nilsen. [186] At least nine victims had been killed at 195 Melrose Avenue, with his final three victims being killed at 23 Cranley Gardens. MacKeith testified as to how, through a lack of emotional development,[150] Nilsen experienced difficulty expressing any emotion other than anger,[151] and his tendency to treat other human beings as components of his fantasies. The Scottish killer's second victim was Canadian tourist Kenneth Ockenden. A forensics expert testified at Nilsen's 1983 trial that "at least eight bodies" had been incinerated at Melrose Avenue,[77] academically confirming he had murdered at least eleven victims. Over the following two days, Stottor repeatedly lapsed in and out of consciousness. He met Nilsen at a pub in the West End of London on December 3, 1979. When Stottor had regained enough strength to question Nilsen as to his recollections of being strangled and immersed in cold water, Nilsen explained he had become caught in the zip of the sleeping bag following a nightmare, and that he had placed him in cold water as "you were in shock". He also recalled dragging Ockenden across his floor with the wire wrapped around his neck as he strangled him, before pouring himself half a glass of rum and continuing to listen to music on the headphones with which he had strangled Ockenden. Nilsen became known as the Muswell Hill Murderer, as he committed his later murders in the Muswell Hill district of North London. Dennis Nilsen: The full true story of a horrific serial killer At home, he seldom participated in family activities and retreated from any attempts by adult family members to demonstrate any affection towards him. Jay admitted it was unusual for anyone accused of such horrific crimes to be so forthcoming in providing information,[148] and conceded upon questioning by defence counsel that Nilsen not only provided most of the evidence against himself, but also encouraged the discovery of evidence which could contradict his own version of events. Nilsen was a quiet yet adventurous child. View our online Press Pack. He murdered Martyn Duffey, 16, on May 17, 1980 and William Sutherland, 26, the following August. At the flat, Stottor consumed further alcohol before falling asleep upon an open sleeping bag; he later awoke to find himself being strangled with Nilsen loudly whispering, "Stay still". Dennis Nilsen died in 'excruciating' agony after spending 34 years in No family members were present at the service. One unidentified victim killed in November had moved his legs in a cycling motion as he was strangled (Nilsen is known to have absented himself from work between 11 and 18 November,[79] likely due to this particular murder); another unidentified victim Nilsen had unsuccessfully attempted to resuscitate, before sinking to his knees and sobbing, then spitting at his own image as he looked at himself in the mirror. Nilsen passed the entrance examinations and received official notification he was to enlist for nine years' service in September 1961, commencing his training with the Army Catering Corps at St. Omer Barracks in Aldershot, Hampshire. An epileptic orphan, he had spent most of his life in care homes.. Much of this work was performed by Gallichan, as Nilsenhaving discovered Gallichan's lack of employment ambitionsbegan to view himself as the breadwinner in their relationship. In what Nilsen later described as his most vivid childhood recollection, his mother, weeping, asked him whether he wanted to see his grandfather. [88] By April, Nilsen had killed two further unidentified victims: one of whom he described as an English skinhead whom he had met in Leicester Square; the other he described as "Belfast boy"; a man in his early 20s, approximately 5ft 9in (1.75m) height, whom he had murdered sometime in February. He was adamant that the decision to kill was not made until moments before the act of murder. After the youth had fallen asleep in Nilsen's bed, Nilsen fashioned a ligature around his neck, then simultaneously sat on Duffey's chest and tightened the ligature with a "great force". The second psychiatrist to testify for the defence, Patrick Gallwey, diagnosed Nilsen with a "borderline, false-self as if pseudo-normal, narcissistic personality disorder",[154] with occasional outbreaks of schizoid disturbances that Nilsen managed most of the time to keep at bay; Gallwey stated that, in episodic breakdowns, Nilsen became predominantly schizoidacting in an impulsive, violent and sudden manner. This practicewhich had led to his arresthad been the only method he could consider to dispose of the internal organs and soft tissue as, unlike at Melrose Avenue, he had no exclusive use of the garden of the property. [46] He was officially promoted to the position of executive officer, with additional supervisory responsibilities, in June 1982, and transferred to another Jobcentre in Kentish Town,[47] continuing in this job until his arrest.