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Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness? She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. It has a large number of potential solutions. experience and sometimes do not. actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as: the elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT: bring the problem solver closer & closer to the goal state. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a free-way. The application of a(n)______ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem. surface; diminishb. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to 1. Two-string problemc. (Answered) Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and /Subtype /Type1 c. It is the cornerstone of creativity. Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem? b. mental sets. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. move the solver directly from the initial state to the goal state.c. >> structural features.d. b. event-specific knowledge. Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: /Encoding 16 0 R was whether warmth ratings would predict problem solving dierently depending on whether the problems were multistep problems/puzzles (e.g., the Tower of Hanoi task), or vignette descriptions previously demonstrated to give rise to insight solutions (e.g., the "water lilies problem"). Quiz 12 - Problem Solving Flashcards | Quizlet warmth judgments on nearness to a solution _____ prior to the solution of an insight problem & ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. Continuing to take the street to the north represents, Newell and Simon called the conditions at the beginning of the problem the. PSY 352 PSY325 Week 5 Quiz Answers - yumpu.com . not present a sample design.b. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. >> c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ______ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. History 1301-Ch. b. show how people progress through the . /F5 7 0 R The purpose of this experiment was to. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a proble, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.a. The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. /BaseFont /Helvetica /Name /F1 /Type /Font a. ignore the falsification principle. If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creat. Mental Set Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism. knottedd. Participants in the____ group had the fastest response time. analogiesb. a preconceived notion about how to do something, This problem involves the use of equations and, starting at problem 8, doesn't require the typical equation. ill-defined; Gestaltb. a. the representativeness heuristic. How will Janet retrieve the book? colorc. c. show that some problems are easier to solve than others. endobj Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as -intermediate states -subgoals -operators -mental sets. Russian marriage, Dr. c. performance is the same for both tasks. >> /BaseFont /Times-Italic In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. endobj << In the movie Apollo 13, astronauts aboard a damaged spacecraft have to build a carbon dioxide filter out of random items that are aboard the ship with them. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. b. laboratory and real-world settings. candle can be cut in half.d. The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. She takes the street to the north. 15 0 obj intermediate states. << Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem for aliens. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. as a matter of cognition). algorithms.c. well-definedc. In the year of 201620162016, the population of the town of Smithfield was 7,2007,2007,200 and growing by 100100100 residents per year. Gestalt psychologist consider problem solving as a process involving, a sudden realization of a problems solution. c. The argument is weak because the observation does not consider other cities. 40. After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, this represents, Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify clear ________ for the problems. Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. representation and restructuring.d. By doing this, Dr. Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. The circle problem, in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle, was proposed to illustratea. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. /Type /Font All birds have wings. stream When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. To solve this problem, participants needed to tie the pliers to one of the strings to create a . the need to overcome a difficult obstacle with no obvious solution available. Add to folder Cognitive Psych Ch. 12 (Problem Solving) Book Questions - Quizlet are better at reasoning in generalc. d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations and there is evidence about how the earth turns on its axis. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Encoding 16 0 R Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Introducing Cram Folders! does NOT have a clear identifiable solution, frequently occur in everyday life. Individuals were re After five to ten minutes they eventually figure out the solution. Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? A researcher records a brainstorming session in an industrial research and development department. how similar the objects in the problem are.b. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. /Subtype /Type1 After the street to the south is re-opened, she continues to take the street to the north, even though it is a slightly longer route. They are unable to. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. prototype; targetd. d. take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course. << problems that have a clear identifiable solution. general principles that problems share.c. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. flexibilityd. d. how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner. 368 Tst 03 Flashcards | Chegg.com Janet is alone in a room that has a chair & shelf w/ a book resting on top. b. noticing, mapping, and applying. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems well-definedd. All cats have wings. Acrobats must be of equal weightd. >> The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. analogyd. endobj Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. 11 0 obj 34. %PDF-1.4 Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. 6 : Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make warmth judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution .The purpose of this experiment was to noticing, mapping, and applying.c. how analogies can be used to solve problems.b. Glinda is sure that if her boyfriend proposes, she will feel elation. To test this hypothesis, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants insight problems, like the ones in the demonstration below, and noninsight problems and had them make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds, as they were working on the problems. 4 0 obj illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. familiar object.c. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. initial state.b. Chapter 12 - Test Bank - Chapter 12 1. Janet is alone in a - Studocu /F9 11 0 R Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the _____ state involves having three discs stacked on the left peg, with the middle and right pegs empty. Participants are given a chair and pliers. That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems.