This Emerging Evidence Report examines the social norms, and the material and institutional factors that influence the employment of children in various forms of hazardous work in Hlaing Tharyar township, Yangon, Myanmar. significant tensions had been created in CARE's relatively autonomous and decentralised Country Offices when attempts were made to superimpose a livelihoods approach over existing programmes. Consequently, workers such as street vendors remain beholden to extortionate interest rates. communities like CARE Nepal for SAGUN program and ADRA Nepal for PHE initiative. improves CARE's ability to target truly poor and vulnerable households in its programmes, yet builds on households' existing abilities and activities rather than resource needs, is dynamic and ensures that needs addressed in project activities are those which will centrally address households' livelihood security needs, provides a useful link between CARE's emergency relief and development programmes - all households encounter shocks and stresses, how they are able to deal with them determines their level of security, generates coherency in Country Office information systems, and assists Country Offices achieve complementary relationships between projects with the same geographical coverage (including projects and programmes of other partners and government), provides a clear conceptual focus for building partnerships to address poverty alleviation (including with community institutions), is equally applicable in urban and rural settings. Although in some cases this approach was still successful, in many other cases this resulted in extensive information gathering and analytical exercises which overwhelmed staff with data, but resulted in little real change in actual project implementation, dealing with the "So what is the big deal? CARE Bangladesh should undertake a process to explicitly define a rural livelihoods visionthat which will act as a framework and guideline for RLP. The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) which was adopted in Japan few weeks after it got hit by a disaster was shaped by after the experience of the 2004 tsunami. Empower Youth for Work (EYW) is a five-year program (2016-2021) run by Oxfam, funded by the IKEA Foundation. What are the challenges facing CARE in its attempt to institutionalise the SL approach in its programmes? The five asset areas highlight individuals’ existing valuable capabilities in pursuing a sustainable livelihood (Diagram 2). Public works programmes that absorb surplus labour (& increase skills) 29. Current debates in India on work, employment and labour markets have paid rather little attention to three important distinctions: between sustainable livelihoods and labour force participation; between autonomously managing non-family enterprises versus participation in decision-making within the confines of famil, I. Lindell, O. Adama / Nordic Africa Institute / Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, 2020. Participatory Research and Policy Change. In what areas does CARE's livelihood framework converge with DFID's model? "a livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and which contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the … The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) has slowly emerged over the last twenty years as a response to a call for more sustainable development and effective steps toward poverty alleviation. It is a holistic, asset-based framework for understanding poverty and the work of poverty reduction. The Sustainable Livelihoods framework uses three broad dimensions to understand the experiences of individuals living in poverty: • Assets • Vulnerability Context • Stages of Transition 1. Unless stated otherwise Eldis original content is available for re-use under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0), Please check the box to confirm you would like to receive updates from Eldis by email, The future of work: Findings of research commissioned by the Oxfam ‘Empower Youth for Work’ program, Social norms and supply chains: A focus on child labour and waste recycling in Hlaing Tharyar, Yangon, Myanmar, Labouring for livelihoods: Gender, productivity and collectivity, Visions of urban modernity and the shrinking of public space:challenges for street work in African cities, Ending the financial entrapment of street vendors in Colombia. [1] CARE's application of a sustainable livelihood framework moves away from a sectorial approach and focuses on holistic development techniques. It has three elements: Livelihood 2 resources, Livelihood strategies, … Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. “Take Back Work.” Take Back the Economy: an Ethical Guide for Transforming Our Communities, by J. K. Gibson-Graham et al., University of Minnesota Press, 2013. CARE India's livelihood programmes builds sustainable ways to promote small businesses and small holder agriculture to provide secure livelihood opportunities, especially for women. Authors Gibson-Graham, Cameron, and Healy highlight the measure of well-being and how an individual's well-being contributes to their ability to survive well.[7]. [1], CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) focuses on emergency relief administration and long term development programs. How has the framework been applied at a practical level in CARE projects? Sustainable livelihood emerges at the intersection of development and environmental studies to offer a new way to think about work, especially the work of vulnerable populations (e.g., low income population living in the bottom of the pyramid, indigenous communities, etc.). The Sustainable Livelihoods framework was originally developed by the Government of the United Kingdom’s ... overall through lower health care, social service and law enforcement costs. SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS GUIDANCE SHEETS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW 1.1 Sustainable livelihoods: Putting people at the centre of development The livelihoods approach is a way of thinking about the objectives, scope and priorities for development. while the framework maintains ‚sustainability™ as a focal concept in the evaluation of household livelihood outcomes, the mechanism underlying such development path is not explicitly provided. Secure Livelihoods Research Consortium (SLRC) aims to generate a stronger evidence base on how people in conflict-affected situations (CAS) make a living, access basic services like health care, education and water, and perceive and engage with governance at local and national levels. The framework shows how, in different contexts, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood resources (natural, economic, human and social capitals) which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies (agricultural intensification or extensification, livelihood Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. The sustainable livelihoods framework presents the main factors that affect people’s livelihoods, and typical relationships between these. The IDS team also outlined a tentative framework to analyse sustainable rural livelihoods. Strategies may include subsistence production or production for the market, participation in labour marketsor l… In 1998, we produced a framework that was widely adopted by development agencies. The paper also illustrates some of the more general lessons learnt in mainstreaming the livelihoods approach at an institutional level in CARE.Drinkwater and Rusinow's review of CARE's introduction of the sustainable livelihoods approach as a cornerstone of the organisation's programming internationally, suggests that SL: Receive regular email updates from Eldis on global development research, news and jobs. The UNDP also uses an asset based approach to poverty alleviation, examining how individuals leverage assets and cope with external sources of shock or stress. As a whole, this set of Guidance Sheets attempts to summarise and share emerging thinking on the sustainable livelihoods approach. The Australian Dairy Industry Sustainability Framework. Sustainability also refers to the ability to undergo external shocks or stresses and recover from such traumas through maintaining or improving one's livelihood. It does not offer definitive answers and guidelines. S. Constant, P. Oosterhoff, K. Oo, E. Lay, N. Aung / Institute of Development Studies UK, 2020. CARE has used its livelihoods approach in both rural and urban contexts. More... How the Sustainable Livelihoods framework has been applied by Care International, B. HLS is an integrated framework that promotes participatory problem analysis and program design, geographically focused programming strategies, coherent and often cross-sector monitoring and evaluation systems, and, importantly, reflective practice and continued learning. CARE International adapted the livelihoods approach in 1994. Accessible health care Food/nutrition support programmes. The SLF was integrated in its program for development cooperation in 1997. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities and shows how they relate to one another. For example, projects which continue to have as their main objective the protection of "X" forest or the improvement of "Y" km of roads, but then add lower level indicators which purport to measure changes in people's income or nutritional security. The sustainable livelihoods idea was first introduced by the Brundtland Commission on Environment and Development, and the 1992 United Nation’s Conference on Environment and Development expanded the concept, advocating for the achievement of sustainable livelihoods as a broad goal for poverty eradication. The framework shows how, in different contexts, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood resources (natural, economic, human and social capitals) which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies (agricultural intensification or extensification, livelihood diversification and migration). Sustainable Livelihoods Approach of the UK Department for International Development; the … The United Nations Development Programme utilizes a sustainable livelihood approach to development through the evaluation of different types of capital. The DFID has developed a ‘Sustainable Livelihood Framework’ (SLF) which is one of the most widely used livelihoods frameworks in development practice. The Sustainable Livelihoods framework was adapted from a model developed by the UK’s Department for International Development, and adjusted for use in Canada. During 2005, with technical support from WWF UK and WWF Nepal, a Sustainable Livelihoods Mainstreaming Strategy was developed and implemented successfully. Drinkwater and Rusinow's review of CARE's introduction of the sustainable livelihoods approach as a cornerstone of the organisation's programming internationally, suggests that SL: improves CARE's ability to target truly poor and vulnerable households in its programmes, yet builds on households' existing abilities and activities rather than resource needs synthesize five categories for overall well-being: Material, Occupational, Social, Community, and Physical. In 1992 Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway[8] proposed the following composite definition of a sustainable rural livelihood, which is applied most commonly at the household level: "A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and which contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global levels and in the short and long term."[9]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission. Whose Voice? [4], Stemming from theory regarding sustainable development, a sustainable livelihood approach incorporates the collective concerns for environmental and economic resources and individual focus. [15], Models for a sustainable livelihood approach. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework shows how growth in five asset areas reduces vulnerability* HOW WOMEN BUILD SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS SURVIVAL • Not enough income for basic needs • May or may not be working • Reactive – coping with crisis • No safety net or savings ENHANCING EMPLOYABILITY • Just enough income to meet basic needs [3] Common adaptations of a sustainable livelihood framework focus on dynamic, human-centered programs aimed at reducing poverty. Faith, J. Flynn, K. Hernandez, T. Roberts / Oxfam Novib, 2020. Martínez Quintero / Impact Initiative, 2020. [14] The DFID leverages a sustainable livelihoods framework to focus holistically on activities directly related to improving an individual's livelihood. One of the outcomes of this consultation was a sustainable livelihoods framework (Figure 1). In an analysis of various 24 hour clocks, Gibson-Graham et al. [13], The Department for International Development is the United Kingdom's department dedicated to eradicating extreme poverty and administering foreign aid. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. These partners help to ensure that Eldis can present a truly global picture of development research. [10] Holistic interventions prove to be challenging to measure, furthermore, quantitative data on qualitative phenomena (such as well-being) is similarly challenging to record. V. Benson, L.M. A central notion is that different households have different access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood … The various lenses embedded within the livelihood framework assist CARE in its analysis of a given situation or geographical area, whether it is working at … The term Sustainable Livelihood was first proposed in a rural context, and was later amended by the Brundtland Commission. It can be used in both planning new development activities and assessing the contribution to livelihood sustainability made by existing activities. [1] Human-centered, multi-leveled, sustainable, and dynamic initiatives are all incorporated into the DFID's measures. The Framework was iteratively developed by assessing existing models (e.g. [12] In 1994, CARE developed a Household Livelihood Security framework to better monitor, evaluate, and track the work they conduct. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood op- portunities and shows how they relate to one another. The sustainable livelihoods approach succeeded in winning the attention of key policy-makers in donor institutions in the early 1990s, DFID in 1997 and the Natural Resources Department, away from the competing knowledge and theory which key individuals have … The term reflects a concern with extending the focus of poverty studies beyond the physical manifestations of poverty to include also vulnerability and social exclusion. See our Privacy statement. IT Publications, London, 1998. The paper includes a list of selected references and sources of information on these subjects. The CARE livelihoods framework Shocks and stresses Natural resources Infrastructure Economic, cultural and political environment Assets: Human capital (Livelihood capabilities) Social capital (Claims and access) Economic capital (Stores and resources) Production and income activities Consumption Household activities Processing and exchange activities Security of: •Food By subscribing you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. It also comments on issues arising from current theories that are relevant to work on livelihood options for disaster risk reduction. In the process of implementation, it was much abused and it encountered many problems. The framework is an analytical device for improved understanding of livelihoods and poverty. Sustainable Livelihoods is an approach to working with individuals and communities which was developed to capture the many effects of social and economic exclusion on people’s lives, and to learn how they can be supported to move out of poverty towards resilience and livelihoods. The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. Springer, Singapore. ... 1 Sustainable Livelihoods Strategy Framework 24 It is used in its relief and development work in rural and urban settings. It requires a real shift in emphasis, training and management style, particularly with regard to ensuring that the 'voices' of lower level staff are able to influence operational policies and strategies. (2017) The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach. results in poor households and communities being able to show definable improvements in their livelihoods. To promote and safeguard livelihoods, lives and sustainable development, one of the options adopted was building resilience. Over 20 years ago, I was involved in the intense debate that emerged about ‘sustainable livelihoods’ approaches. A specific livelihoods framework and objectives have been developed to assist with implementation, Donate and support livelihood of women from poor and marginalized communities. DFID adapts a version of Chambers Conway’s definition of livelihoods: “A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. Eldis supports free and open access to useful and relevant research on global development challenges. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. SLF emplbasizes the importance of a sustainable livelihood, using the resources to which one has access, and recognizing the vulnerabilities, policy, and There may not be much that is new about the livelihoods approach but it does require more holistic and people centred ways of thinking and working, which breaks out of linear, sectoral boundaries and establishes more lateral thinking, process oriented approaches, avoiding the danger of superficial buy in, whereby country programmes adopt a livelihoods focused approach or language which is false, in order to justify and hide their continued rather limited sectoral foci, turning a livelihoods approach into a whole project process framework and not simply an assessment methodology (some country offices soured by expensive assessments which they felt did not tell them anything significantly new and did not help them in developing different types of projects), dangers of searching for generic livelihood indicators and seeking to impose them on all existing projects. Stemming from theory regarding sustainable development, a sustainable livelihood approach incorporates the collective concerns for environmental and economic resources and individual focus. We knew this all along". [11] The UNDP identifies five key types of capital: human, social, natural, physical, and financial. [2] The sustainable livelihood framework provides a structure for holistic poverty alleviation action. WCED 1987a: 2-5 are (source from IDS Disc paper 296), Take back the Economy, Ch: Take Back Work, page 21-22, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_5, http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her131/knutsson.pdf, "Application of CARE's Livelihoods Approach | Eldis", "DFID's Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and its Framework", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_livelihood&oldid=1000479089, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 08:02. The authors of this document describe the successes of CARE in applying the SL framework at a practical level in their rural and urban programmes as well as highlighting some of the pitfalls and lessons learnt. At all levels of programmatic decision-making, the HLS framework is CARE's point of departure (see Figure 2). The SL approach based on this framework supports poverty eradication by making enhancement of poor people’s livelihoods a central goal of development efforts. 2. WCED 1987a: 2-5 (source from IDS Disc paper 296). The access individuals have to these assets determines how the UNDP designs initiatives to directly or indirectly facilitate development. These diagrams are compiled by Mr.S.Rengasamy to supplement the class room teaching for MSW students pursuing community development as their specialization in Madurai Kamaraj University The Framework helps us deliver on our promise to create rewarding livelihoods for our people, nourish consumers with nutritious food, provide best-care for all our animals and leave the environment in better shape for the future. Serrat O. However, in urban Africa, access by street vendors and other marginalised groups to public spaces seems to be on the decline. Eldis is hosted by the Knowledge, Impact and Policy team at the Institute of Development Studies in the UK but our services profile work by a growing global network of research organisations and knowledge brokers. adopting a livelihoods approach is not a simple transition involving a few changes to project monitoring systems. There are several organizations incorporating a Sustainable Livelihood approach into their ongoing poverty alleviation efforts;[1] the models by which they adapt the Sustainable Livelihood approach are discussed below. Holland, Jeremy and James Blackburn. In: Knowledge Solutions. [1], The term sustainable refers to an individual's ability to provide for themselves in such a manner that is viable long term. Making cities inclusive is one of the goals of Agenda 2030, and access to public spaces is identified as an important sub-goal. [5] The term Sustainable Livelihood was first proposed in a rural context,[6] and was later amended by the Brundtland Commission. Authors Gibson-Graham, Cameron, and Healy highlight the measure of well … In particular, it requires that there is the organisational space for lessons learned in the field to be incorporated into subsequent practice. CARE adopted the Household Livelihood Security (HLS) framework in 1994. The main initiation for this shift came from the food security side of the organisation, informed by Amartya Sen's work on entitlements. A central notion is that different households have differ- ent access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. In particular, it looks at the sustainable livelihoods (SL) framework currently being developed and promoted. Livelihood Framework Models -Collection of Framework Diagrams - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Indeed, sustainable livelihood, as a core concept, is conceived in the framework as exogenous, albeit implicitly. 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For holistic poverty alleviation action urban settings in what areas does CARE 's application of sustainable. Holistic poverty alleviation action type: Official all incorporated into subsequent practice Author!, is conceived in the process of implementation, Accessible health CARE Food/nutrition programmes! Arising from current theories that are relevant to work on entitlements the to... On global development challenges assessing existing models ( e.g device for improved understanding of and... United Kingdom 's Department dedicated to eradicating extreme poverty and administering foreign aid applied by CARE,... On holistic development techniques a structure for holistic poverty alleviation action ) is a holistic, framework. In the footer of our emails development research livelihood of women from poor marginalized!