(Money had helped to pioneer the procedure in hermaphrodites.) Sadly, this story does not have a happy ending. As a child, Brenda was very masculine and never played with the dolls their mother gave them. And he screamed, 'Now!' Simply Scholar Ltd. 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, 2023 Simply Scholar, Ltd. All rights reserved, 2023 Simply Psychology - Study Guides for Psychology Students, Sex reassignment at birth: Long-term review and clinical implications, The concept of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence after 39 years. But the validation of the study wasnt enough for Reimer to overcome his traumatic childhood. Reimers case was complex. Money noted that the twin sister, a.k.a. Mr. Reimer's wife recently hired a lawyer to recover about $65,000 that seems to have gone missing, said author John Colapinto, whose book about Mr. Reimer's bizarre medical ordeal made him. A tale of sex, science, and abuse. Its challenged a lot of the notions that I just accepted growing up in the 1970s, said John Colapinto, a journalist for Rolling Stone, who wrote the book: As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl. The case would also teach a disturbing lesson on how harmful scientific arrogance can be. Edit: the only source seems to be an obit though, so idk about that, also the page on gender identity disagrees, This story is actually quite messed up but quite interesting as well. The Reimers returned to Moneys office every year so that the doctor could monitor both Brian and Brendas growth as a boy and a girl. I was shocked, but I cannot say I was surprised. Hence, Bruce became known as Brenda and started to live life as a girl. Upon learning about the truth about his birth and sex of rearing from his father at the age of 15, David assumed a male gender identity, calling himself David. Regular testosterone injections masculinized his musculature. When I first met him, seven years ago, he was a janitor in a slaughter housetough, physically demanding work that he loved. The Tragic Life & Death of David Reimer, The Boy Raised as a Girl, The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death. It just kept building up and building up.5 Davids suicide had come just two years after his brother Brian ended his own life by overdosing on anti-depressants. This time the police told her that David was dead. What do intersex and the same-sex marriage debate have to do with each other? Dr. John Money had used David as a guinea pig to try and prove his theory that parental influences and society form sexual identity. [20] Psychological support for the reassignment and surgery was provided by[21] John Money, who continued to see Reimer annually[22] for consultations and to assess the outcome. Does ISNA think children with intersex should be raised without a gender, or in a third gender? David underwent treatment such as testosterone injections, a double mastectomy, and Phalloplasty operations. An exploration into the full story of what happened is more complicated. Money was featured in Time magazine and included a chapter on the twins in his famous textbook Man & Woman, Boy & Girl. Jane tried to reassure him. He is survived by his wife, Kim; children, Steuart (Vanessa) and Kacie; family members, Lorie and Barb; and . David was experiencing unemployment and his twin brother died of suicide. [51] Researcher Mary Anne Case argues that Money's view on gender also fuelled the rise of the anti-gender movement. The breakthrough paper laid the foundation against performing sex reassignment surgery on intersex infants, which was once considered a fix for their gender non-conforming biology. [11] Money was a prominent proponent of the "theory of gender neutrality"that gender identity developed primarily as a result of social learning from early childhood and that it could be changed with the appropriate behavioural interventions. When he had spoken about his childhood in the past, he had said: Id give just about anything to go to a hypnotize to black out my whole past, because its torture. They have both had to be circumcised one at age 8 and the other at age 14. Davids parents (farm kids barely out of their teens) were referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, home of the worlds leading expert in gender identity, psychologist Dr. John Money, who recommended a surgical sex change, from male to female. On some occasions, Money would even photograph the twins doing these exercises. At 14, David Reimer (right) chose to live as a male. This was not an elective circumcision. Let them choose..! Despite his anguish, however, Reimer found love and married a woman named Jane. Furthermore, a number of other factors likely played contributing roles in his decision to end his life: [5], the abusive "treatments" to which the twins were subjected, the bullying that he suffered throughout his childhood, the depression and drug abuse that plagued family members, his financial debt and long-term unemployment, his wife's request for a separation two days prior. Feb 16, 2016. He eventually ceased attending the school and was tutored privately. [1] On May 2, 2004 his wife informed him that she wanted a separation. At 17 months, Bruce became Brenda, and was castrated one month before his second birthday. David continued to suffer from psychological trauma throughout adulthood due to Moneys experiments and his harrowing childhood experiences. Press J to jump to the feed. Reimer is a story as old as time, almost every trans person comes across it at some point in their lives. Consequently the operation for Brian was canceled. Yup boggles my mind how many child abusers are obsessed with SRS but then for actual genital mutilation on innocent babies. David's wife left him; he lost thousands in a failed investment . For Dr. Money, David was the ultimate experiment to prove that nurture, not nature, determines gender identity and sexual orientationan experiment all the more irresistible because David was an identical twin. On one hand, the anti trans people are like "see! David recollected how on one occasion, Dr. Money ordered him to take off his clothing and on another occasion, he had forced him to assume a position on all fours on his office sofa and then ordered Brian to come up behind him and place his crotch against her buttocks., His case created an upheaval in theories on sexual identity and would force medical experts to rethink once accepted wisdom when it came to treating sexual identity cases. A supporter of Dr. Money would claim that the allegations he had made were false and ever suggested he was a victim of false memory syndrome which stemmed from his schizophrenia. You often hear Republican lawmakers refer to gender reassignment surgery as "genital mutilation," which is wrong on many levels, but they do not bat an eye at the real genital mutilation we do with circumcision. Money had no morals when he performed his case study on David. As Colapinto said: John Money was going to play God., Tragically, on the 4th of May, 2004, David ended his own life by shooting himself in the head while sitting in his car in Winnipeg, Manitoba; he was just 38-years-old. In fact, in 1973, Time magazine ran an article which said the dramatic case provides strong support for a major contention of womens liberationists: that conventional patterns of masculine and feminine behaviour can be altered. However, while publications were hailing Dr. Moneys experiment, it wasnt working with David. Reimer may no longer be alive, but his journey to reclaim his gender identity contributed to a better understanding of the relationship between gender and biological sex. edit: thank you for reading this post and leaving the lovely comments! [25] Brian was found dead of a drug overdose at 36, and Reimer died by suicide at age 38. Colapinto, J. Okay this is also a good case against circumcision. He was 38. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. She refused to play with dolls and would beat up her brother and seize his toy cars and guns. David Reimer (born Bruce Peter Reimer; 22 August 1965 4 May 2004) was a Canadian man born male but raised as a girl following medical advice and intervention after his penis was severely injured during a botched circumcision in infancy.[1]. Just before he died, he talked to his wife about his sexual inadequacy, his inability to be a true husband. BRIAN HENRY REIMER On Monday, July 1, 2002 at his residence, Brian Reimer died at the age of 36 years. Davids parents eventually agreed to the radical procedure, believing Dr. Moneys claims that this was their sole hope for raising a child who could have heterosexual intercoursealbeit as a sterile woman with a synthetic vagina and a body feminized with estrogen supplements. I had to have him circumcised then. He would then be raised as a girl and not told of his former identity. . But in reality, Reimer struggled even as a child with his gender identity. Children don't fucking trust each other. There were doubts along the way, Janet confessed on Oprah. In 1975, when the twins turned nine, Money published his study in a book called Sexual Signatures where he described Reimers forced transition to Brenda as a success: The girl already preferred dresses to pants enjoyed wearing her hair ribbons, bracelets, and frilly blouses, and loved being her daddys little sweetheart. What also disgusts me is when proffessionals use a patients diagnosis against them to dismiss and rubbish any complaints of wrong doing. This case study supports the influence of testosterone on gender development as it shows that Davids brain development was influenced by the presence of this hormone and its effects on gender identity was stronger that the influence of social factors. This tragic tale tells us that our gender is decided in our genes and that you cannot change it. For fourteen years since his birth, he was brought up as a girl and made to attend traumatic, therapy sessions for sex reassignment. Join Facebook to connect with David Reimer and others you may know. I will never ever understand how anybody could mutilate their babys penis. Davids blighted childhood was never far from his mind. Concerned that their sons injury might cause him mental anguish as an adult, Reimers parents consulted with famed sexologist John Money after seeing him on television. Why Doesn't ISNA Want to Eradicate Gender? Born in 1965 in Winnipeg, he was 8 months old when a doctor used an electrocautery needle, instead of a scalpel, to excise his foreskin during a routine circumcision, burning off his entire penis as a result. Money also forced Reimer, in another sexual position, to have his "legs spread" with Brian on top. They heard about this psychologist on tv and then got into contact with him. David had felt responsible for his brothers suicide and would visit his grave daily.6. Makes his goals clear from the start. i would not circumcise them since all it does is make your genital area cleaner but if you wash your genitals in the shower then you dont have to worry about that. David eventually got married and adopted his wife's three children. Building forts and getting into the odd fistfight, climbing trees thats the kind of stuff that I liked, but it was unacceptable as a girl.. Hello! In addition to his difficult lifelong relationship with his parents, Reimer experienced unemployment and the death of his brother Brian from an overdose of antidepressants on 1 July 2002. I split all profits from the book with David, 50-50. He passed away in 2006. How can you assign a gender (boy or girl) without surgery? As life grew more challenging, David's wife asked for a separation. In Memory of David Reimer/FacebookDavid Reimer committed suicide in May 2004. A number of scientists would cite the success of the case as proof of Dr. Moneys theory and would hail it as a great leap forward. Reimers mother wrote to Money explaining the horrible accident her son had endured. Anna; sister, Sandra; and brother-in-law Norman. In his final months, David was unemployedfor him, a disastrous circumstance. He brought to attention to the complications of gender identity and called into question the ethicality of sex reassignment of infants and children. How much of the Reimers misery was due to inherited depression, and how much to the nightmare circumstances into which they had been thrown? His parents were distraught about this incident and did not know what to do. Research Assistant at Princeton University. Money claimed that "childhood sexual rehearsal play" was important for "a healthy gender identity". Then when David turned 15-years-old, his parents told him about the botched surgery. At the age of 8 months, David and his brother each had a minor medical problem involving his penis, and a doctor decided to treat the problem with circumcision. We like to point out that what the story of David Reimer teaches us most clearly is how much people are harmed by being lied to and treated in inhumane ways. He identified with his sex at birth.what money outside and beyond the parents based on doctors opinion wad just wrong and destroyed twice lives Brian had to deal with what David ,they were twins and it was traumatic for them both. In school, she was relentlessly teased for her masculine gait, tastes, and behaviors. Before the final transformation David's parents revealed the secret of his biological construct. As an adult, he married a woman but depression and drug abuse ensued, culminating in suicide at the age of 38 (1).. The Tragedy Of David Reimer, The Boy Forced To Live As A Girl For A Doctors Experiment, David Reimer made his experience public in a famous 2000 appearance on. Herb is rolling over in his grave! On May 2, 2004, his wife told David she wanted a divorce. David Reimer was an identical twin boy born in Canada in 1965. The psychologist John Money oversaw the case and reported the reassignment as successful and as evidence that gender identity is primarily learned. Or at the very least a worst outcome is. When he was 8 months old his penis was accidentally cut off during surgery. as these parents did. Brian is survived by his parents, Ron and Janet of Winnipeg; twin brother David; and Brians children, Rachel, Cory, Trina and Austin. It wasnt until the twins entered their teens that other doctors convinced the Reimers that it was time to tell their children the truth. Though the two had been estranged, David had, in recent months, taken to visiting Brians grave, leaving flowers and, at some point prior to his own suicide, a note. He was a blue-collar worker in Winnipeg, the Canadian city where East meets West. Gender Theory's First Test. The lesson in this story should be- when you have a male baby born with ambiguous genitalia, before making hasty decisions as to surgical procedures being performed.. its a great idea to allow the child to tell the parents who he (or she) is via how the child conducts him/herself and which toys the child gravitates toward. Indeed, Reimer recalled his childhood as far more distressing. "[25], Money's rationale for these various treatments was his belief that "childhood 'sexual rehearsal play'" was important for a "healthy adult gender identity". The case of David Reimer, one of the first individuals who was transitioned to a different gender as a child, is used by many gender theorists as proof that men can be women and women can be men. [56], "Born a Boy, Raised as a Girl" Documentary, The Learning Channel, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 03:09, As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl, "Health Check: The Boy Who Was Raised a Girl", "David Reimer: The Boy Who Lived as a Girl", "Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science", "John William Money, 84, Sexual Identity Researcher, Dies", "David Reimer, 38; After Botched Surgery, He Was Raised as a Girl in Gender Experiment", "Boy raised as a girl suffered final indignity", "David Reimer, 38, Subject of the John/Joan Case", "St. Vital Cemetery Burial Search - The Municipal Cemeteries Branch", "Trans Formations in the Vatican's War on 'Gender Ideology', Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, "NOVA | Past Television Programs | Season 28: January - December 2001 | PBS", "BBC Radio 4 - Mind Changers, Case Study: John/Joan - The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl", "Metaphorical Cats, Medical Oddities and Men with Brooms", "Film Review: Born to be Human (2021) by Lily Ni", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199838820.001.0001, "Sex Reassignment at Birth: Long-Term Review and Clinical Implications", "David Reimer and John Money Gender Reassignment Controversy: The John/Joan Case", "Gender Gap: What Were the Real Reasons behind David Reimer's Suicide? At age 25 he fell in love with a woman, married her, and adopted her three daughters. Reimers twin sibling, Brian, later descended into substance abuse and petty crime. This tragic tale tells us that our gender is decided in our genes and that you cannot change it. [27], Money never commented publicly on Colapinto's book or on Reimer's suicide before his death, although colleagues said he was "mortified" by the case. He had attempted suicide at least three times in the past. Outraged, David agreed to participate in a follow-up by Dr. Diamond, whose myth-shattering paper (co-authored by Dr. Keith Sigmundson) was published in Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in March 1997 and was featured on front pages across the globe. 3,613. PUBLISHED: March 2, 2023 at 1:27 p.m. | UPDATED: March 2, 2023 at 4:10 p.m. SAN JOSE - Forward Vladislav Namestnikov is property of the San Jose Sharks but there's a chance he will be moved to . In the article it stated he was forced to see the same things David was forced to see, and was forced into being a part of disgusting sexual scenarios. Upon John Moneys recommendation, Bruce Reimer began life as Brenda Reimer. David Reimer aged ten as Brenda A baby boy was raised as a girl after a botched circumcision in a tragic social experiment gone wrong. Never a better word said Jessica. In the end, of course, it was what David was inclined to brood about that killed him. A couple of years later, Davids parents sought advice from Dr. John Money, a sex researcher at John Hopkins University in Baltimore. At just 38, Reimer committed suicide. David Reimers parents had just wanted to do right by him. In Memory of David Reimer/FacebookDespite his tumultuous life, David Reimer found love with his wife Jane. Diana Walker/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty ImagesPsychologist John Money claimed his gender experiment on the Reimer twins was a success despite early warning signs that proved otherwise. At age 2, Brenda angrily tore off her dresses. I had a surgeon whoRead more . David's story is a tragic one. Money wrote, "The child's behavior is so clearly that of an active little girl and so different from the boyish ways of her twin brother. He always was a man!" [41] The article won the National Magazine Award for Reporting.[42]. Ironically this supports gender identity. [49] He was buried in St. Vital Cemetery in Winnipeg. However, Brenda as he was named was suffering from severe psychological and emotional difficulties and in her teens, when she found out what had happened, she reverted back to being a boy. Who was David Reimer (also, sadly, known as John/Joan)? In the mid-1960s, psychologist John Money encouraged the gender reassignment of David Reimer, who was born a biological male but suffered irreparable damage to his penis as an infant. The academic sexologist Milton Diamond later reported that Reimer's realization that he was not a girl crystallized between the ages of 9 and 11 years[2] and that he was living as a male by age 15. At the age of 8 months, David and his brother each had a minor medical problem involving his penis, and a doctor decided to treat the problem with circumcision. Home Bizarre The Tragic Life & Death of David Reimer, The Boy Raised as a Girl. Take that transphobes! As such, he proposed that someone could be taught to identify differently than their biological sex. David Reimer was born an identical (non-intersex) twin boy in 1965. Pagdating doon ay sinabi niya, "Sa isang lunsod ay may dalawang lalaki, mayaman ang isa at ang isa'y dukha. "- John Money. [3] He was originally named Bruce, and his identical twin was named Brian. What was supposed to be a routine circumcision in 1965 turned into a life-altering nightmare for Reimer when the doctor performing his surgery accidentally singed his infant penis. i tired my best! [4] John Colapinto; As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised As a Girl; Deckle Edge; 2000, [5] John Colapinto; What were the real reasons behind David Reimer's suicide?; Slate; June 3, 2004, [6] American Academy of Pediatrics: Task Force on Circumcision Technical Report; Pediatrics; September 2012. Two hours after that, Jane got another call. Ang Mensahe ni Natan para kay David - Isinugo ni Yahweh kay David ang propetang si Natan. [5] They were referred for circumcision at the age of seven months. On May 2, 2004, his wife told David she wanted a divorce. [4] Their parents were Janet and Ron Reimer, a couple of Mennonite descent who had married the previous December. gtag(js, new Date()); Are you ready to take control of your mental health and relationship well-being? [3] The Sexes: Biological Imperatives; Time; January 8, 1973. Dr. Milton Diamond, a psychologist and sexologist at the University of Hawaii and a longtime academic rival of Money, met with David to discuss his story in the mid-1990s. When he was 14, Reimer began the process of reassignment to being a male. And thanks to me, he didnt have to. However, in the past, Dr. Money had made statements which appeared to endorse incest and paedophilia. In May 2004, two years after his twin brother succumbed to a drug overdose, David Reimer committed suicide. [citation needed], According to John Colapinto, who published a biography of Reimer in 2001, the sessions with Money included childhood sexual rehearsal play: Money theorized that reproductive behaviour formed the foundation of gender, and that "play at thrusting movements and copulation" was a key aspect of gender development in all primates. He was not told that he had been born male. David visited his brother's graveside daily. David Reimer was born male but raised as female when his penis was injured during a botched circumcision. His first gender transition was based on a medical accident and a scientific theory. A doctor who did not usually perform circumcisions was assigned to the Reimer twins. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); document.getElementById("ak_js_2").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Honestly this helps the case that children can *know* what gender theyre supposed to be despite being told otherwise. I never quite fit in, David Reimer said in a 2000 interview on Oprah. This was a biological boy being forced to believe he was a girl. The health care community has a long, long way to go to reduce fraud, over-treatment, mistreatment and malpractice. David Reimer was born male but raised as female when his penis was injured during a botched circumcision. This was a man! What does ISNA recommend for children with intersex? Davids case became the subject of multiple books, magazine articles, and documentaries. When David and Brian went to his clinic, they would be shown sexually explicit photographs which were apparently central on his theories on gender reassignment. He lost his job and fell deep into debt. function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} At the age of thirty-eight, David committed suicide. David Reimer was an identical twin boy born in Canada in 1965. Then, in 2004, Moneys experiment brought tragedy to the entire family. A. [6] [7], [1] Elaine Woo; "David Reimer, 38; After Botched Surgery, He Was Raised as a Girl in Gender Experiment"; Los Angeles Times; May 13, 2004, [2] Phil Gaetano; "David Reimer and John Money Gender Reassignment Controversy: The John/Joan Case"'; The Embryo Project Encyclopedia; November 15, 2017. Endlich geht das spektakulre Abenteuer weiter. But David was already heading for the door. Forced circumcision on kids is a physical assault. Reimer recounted anger and verbal abuse from Money if he or his brother resisted orders, in contrast to the calm and scientific demeanor Money presented to their parents. This brought him a substantial amount of money, as did a subsequent movie deal with Peter Jackson, the director of the Lord of the Rings trilogy. The Reimers took their children to be circumcised at the hospital, but after Bruce Reimers surgery went horribly awry because the surgeon used an electrocautery needle instead of a blade, Brian was not subjected to the same surgery and his phimosis healed naturally. Significant acute complications are rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 newborn male circumcisions The majority of severe or even catastrophic injuries are so infrequent as to be reported as case reports., [7] World Health Organization; Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anesthesia p 7; 2010. Davids infant sex reassignment was the first ever conducted on a developmentally normal child. During these check-ups, Money would force the twins to rehearse sexual acts and inspect one anothers genitals. But the physical stress wore on his mental health. Most of the complications can be easily and rapidly addressed and do not result in significant morbidity or mortality., #DavidReimer #JohnMoney #BotchedCircumcision #BotchedCircumcisions #NatureVsNurture, created by non-professionals using Wix.com. When Reimer complained about feeling like a boy, his parents and other adults convinced him that it was just a phase. "The Boy Who Was Turned into a Girl" aired in 2000 and "Dr Money and the Boy with No Penis" in 2004. Then, learn about the hard realities faced by transgender people the world over. Money, J., & Ehrhardt, A. New York, NY: Harper Collins. Subscribe now and start your journey towards a happier, healthier you. A safe space for GSRM (Gender, Sexual, and Romantic Minority) folk to discuss their lives, issues, interests, and passions. Cheryl and Missy seem to be missing the point. People who supported him should be ashamed of themselves. During the procedure, a general practitioner filling in for the regular surgeon seared the boys penis with an electric cauterizing machine. They say We are acting in your interests.No youre not, youre acting in your best interests ie. He was 38. He argued that its possible to habilitate a baby with a defective penis more effectively as a girl than a boy. John K. and Leona Reimer, his brother Samuel Wayne Reimer and his sister Lucille Marie Pfeifer and Father-in-law Peter Unruh. After he failed to return, his . David Reimer was born an identical (non-intersex) twin boy in 1965. Dr. Money had been credited with coining the term gender identity and had persuaded John Hopkins to become the first hospital in the United States to perform sex reassignment surgeries in 1965. Trying to force someone to be a gender they are not, whether or not the person is trans, results in outcomes like Davids. Does circumcision cause psychological damage? Dr. Money persuaded Bruce's parents to surgically remove his testes and have a rudimentary vulva instead. Newborn circumcision today is extremely safe when performed by a trained professional in a modern medical facility. Court rejects Medicaid lawsuit: Adler and Goldman respond, Intact America cherry-picks an old AAP statement, Attorney accused Jewish judges of bias and conflict of interest, Court rejects intactivist lawsuit against Mass. (2000). Diana Walker/The LIFE Images Collection via Getty Images. In addition to his sex reassignment surgery, Reimer was given estrogen supplements to help "feminize" his body. Doctors need to work on their ethics, standard and practices. Her parents explained that Brenda had been born a boy. At the advice of psychologist John Money at Johns Hopkins University, Davids parents agreed to have him sex reassigned and made into a girl via surgical, hormonal, and psychological treatmentsi.e., via the system Money advocated for intersex children. Leonard und der Rest der Crew stehen vor neuen Herausforderungen. Money (1972) reported on Reimers progress as the John/Joan case to keep the identity of David anonymous. In 1997, around the time Reimer began speaking publicly about his childhood ordeal, Diamonds study was published in Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. the system Money advocated for intersex children, David Reimer: The Boy who Lived as a Girl, The Death of David Reimer: A tale of sex, science, and abuse, John Colapintos original article about David Reimer in. Despite his efforts to reclaim his identity as a man, Reimer remained deeply depressed. [29], For several years, Money reported on Reimer's progress as the "John/Joan case". Then he drove to the nearby parking lot of a grocery store, parked, raised the gun, and, I hope, ended his sufferings forever. But with David spiraling ever deeper into sloth and despair, she told him on the weekend of May 2 that they should separate for a time. But David was 6 months old when he and his brother were diagnosed with phimosis. At age 15 David had reconstructive genital surgery. After Davids suicide, press reports cited an array of reasons for his despair: bad investments, marital problems, his brothers death two years earlier. Charged with the rape and murder of Gail Miller, a nursing assistant, David Milgaard was sentenced to life imprisonment on May 30, 1969 - he was only sixteen. This does not support gender identity. "If I were to see the case of a boy aged ten or eleven who's intensely erotically attracted toward a man in his twenties or thirties, if the relationship is totally mutual, and the bonding is genuinely totally mutual then I would not call it pathological in any way.
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