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Notice that beta-hemolysis results in a total lysis or clearing of the agar in the area of colony growth. This fits well with where I sampled my bacterium from, as a shower drain is a place where both dust and water would accumulate, along with residues of skin glands from showering. Methods: To start isolating the bacterium, I used a sterile swab wet with deionized water provided by the lab to pick up bacteria from the shower drain. Wieser et al. A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis is caused by Micrococcus luteus, it is described and compared with the few cases that are reported in the literature, as well as the clinical features, microbiological profile, therapy, and prognosis of common prosthetic valve endocarditis. The sequencing of Micrococcus luteus was supported because of its major potential role in the case of bioremediation and its importance in the field of biotechnology. The Gentamicin, Cefoperazone, Vancomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Trimethoprim, and Cefazdin antibiotics showed obvious susceptibility, with most of them having enormous rings of 50 to 52 millimeters while the threshold for resistance is only 15 millimeters. I hypothesized that it would be a bacteria commonly found in the nasal cavities and likely from the aforementioned phyla, so it would likely do best living in an aerobic, humid, and warm environment. Micrococcus Catalase Test: The catalase test facilitates the detection of the enzyme catalase in bacteria. It had 27,372 contigs in assembly. Streptococci and enterococci are observed to produce pairs and chains of cocci of varying length. 2. After observation of the colony and microscopic morphology, the production of catalase by the isolate is documented. View Biochemical Tests Lab Report.docx from BIOL 240 at University of Alaska, Anchorage. Microbes are too small to be seen by the naked eye; they can survive in conditions that many would think are unlivable like the anaerobic environment in the rumen of cows, hot springs, and cold Antarctic waters (What are microbes, 2010). They are fairly ubiquitous in the environment, and are small (0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter) and non-motile. A positive test leads to the development of blue or purple-blue on the disc within two minutes. It has been associated with causing a variety of illnesses including septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, chronic cutaneous infections in HIV-positive patients, and catheter infections. The name of the genus is also called " Germanized " is written as Micrococcus. For the detection of oxidase enzyme, filter paper circular disks impregnated with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide are used. Note the bright yellow, non-diffusable colony pigment which is a defining characteristic of M. luteus. Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. Staphylococcus spp. The EMB plate is also selective for gram-negative bacteria which is probably why the bacteria didnt grow on it. These include the slide or drop catalase test, the tube method, the semiquantitative catalase for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Kocuria rhizophila strain ATCC 9341 has been used in quality control for sterility testing, as a test for the effectiveness of antibiotics and fungicides, and for doxycycline, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol susceptibility testing since 1966 under the designation Micrococcus luteus [4]. These organisms range in virulence potential from commensal organisms found on the skin and mucous membranes to pathogens associated with serious infections. I grew my bacteria on an Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) plate to see if it could ferment lactose and if it could grow with methylene blue which selects for gram negative bacteria. M. luteus oxidize carbohydrates to form carbon dioxide and water, and it does not produce acid from the glucose as well as it does not make arginine dihydrolase or b-galactosidase. I used the Kirby-Bauer, or disk diffusion test to test for this, described in lab handout 9. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, the oxidase enzyme reacts with the oxidase reagent and cytochrome C to form the coloured compound, indophenol indicated as blue or purplish-blue colouration on the disc after the introduction of the bacterial colony on the disc. Micrococcus species, members of the family Micrococcaceae, are usually regarded as contaminants from skin and mucous membranes. They are considered as normal comensal of human skin and upper respiratory tract. M. luteus has a G-C content of about 65-75 mol%. Staphylococci are either producers of the enzyme coagulase or non-producers. all 3 tests done w/SIM deeps just add Kovac's reagent for Indole test Alcaligenes faecalis (left) - . In order to determine physiological characteristics of the culture such as cell shape, arrangement, and whether it was gram positive or negative, which helps determine the cell wall type of the microbe, I performed a gram stain. Bacillus megaterium fermented sugars but didn't grow in the anaerobic area of the butt. Micrococcus luteus This Gram positive coccus is found in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight. In conclusion, some of my results were inconclusive and conflicting. Micrococcus Luteus Oxidase Test: The microdase test, also known as modified oxidase test is a rapid test to differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus which are Gram-positive cocci possessing catalase enzymes. They are catalase-positive and usually aerobic with strictly respiratory metabolism. This suggests that some of the Micrococcus species on the basis of ribosomal RNA analysis eventually can be re-classified into other microbial genera. Sarah D. Perkins., Government of Canada, Public Health Agency of Canada. The micrococci produce tetrads consisting of 4 cocci clustered together. AACC uses cookies to ensure the best website experience. The previous classification of these organisms was much simpler; however, with the use of more advanced genetic sequencing methods, these gram-positive cocci have expanded into 4 separate families and their associated genera. The Micrococcus genus is known to be found on dust particles, in water, on skin and skin glands in vertebrates, and some species can be found in milk. Micrococcus lylaeare Gram-positive cocci mostly arranged in tetrads. They can even survive in conditions that have very little of even no oxygen, using glycolysis and alternative electron acceptors to create ATP. The MacConkey agar is selective for gram-negative which is why my microbe didnt show much growth on it, and because it didnt change colors it means it didnt ferment the lactose. It has also been isolated from foods such as milk and goats cheese. Micrococcus Public Health Agency of Canada., Public Health England. Micrococcus as the cause of infections is easy to overlook because the infections that are caused by this bacterium are rare as well as the bacterium is a natural part of the skin's bacterial flora. Exposure to these wavelengths of ultraviolet light has been correlated with an increased incidence of skin cancer, and scientists believe this pigment can be used to make a sunscreen that can protect against ultraviolet light.[9]. Abstract Micrococcus luteus IFO 3333 cells, both treated with chemical reagents and non-treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Micrococcus spp. These discrepancies could be due to human error, unpure culture, or an old agar plate. There are 3 biovars of this organismand they possess quite diverse chemotaxonomic features with respect to their menaquinone systems, cell-wall compositions, and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy patterns, as well as biochemical properties. Label the slide with the name of the organism; Place 15 - 20 uL of the culture in the middle of the slide As mentioned, the type of hemolytic reaction produced on sBAP is a major clue toward the identification of the genus. 2-9 In these reports micrococci were identified on the basis of their . Washington, DC 20001 The identified reads only made up a total of twenty seven percent of the total reads, but the majority of those reads were for M. luteus. They are normal inhabitants of the human body and may even be essential in keeping the balance among the various . ? Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and typically appear in tetrads. In future works with this microbe, I probably would want to purify the culture more and redo the tests. The third image represents the colony morphology of many of the streptococci and enterococci. The genus Micrococcus consists of Gram-positive spheres occurring in tetrads and in irregular clusters that are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming. I also hypothesize that it will be an aerobic organism, given that I found it in a well aerated environment and it has survived until I cultured it. Reaction: To test for the presence of alpha amylase, a starch hydrolysis test can be performed. Last updated: August 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal. A summary table is included which lists the results of the identification criteria discussed in the tutorial. The oxygen class of the microbe, obligate aerobe, matches up with the predictions I had made about it because the bacteria was originally sourced in a nostril. Micrococcus luteus is a constituent of the normal human buccal bacterial flora which forms yellowish colonies and appears as a gram-positive coccus typically arranged in tetrads. M. luteus present on the human skin can transform compounds present in sweat into compounds with an unpleasant odour. The pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, is notably coagulase-positive while most other members of the family are coagulase-negative. . In the case of a negative test, no colour change is observed. // I think that this culture was mostly Micrococcus luteus based on the Kaiju and metagenome binning results. Three bacteria, E.coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Micrococcus luteus, have been grown on TSI or Triple sugar iron agar medium, which is a . Date: FEB.11.2016 When using a fluid thyoglycollate test it resulted in the isolate being a strict aerobe, with all of the bacterium being at the top of the medium where it is oxygenic. Structure and PhysiologyThis bacteria is Gram-positive, spherical, and an obligate aerobe. It has been isolated from human skin. Micrococcus luteus | Taxonomy - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Micrococcus luteus ( M. luteus ), is a Gram-positive bacteria, 0.05 to 3.5 microns in diameter, that is most commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavities, the upper respiratory tract, and the lining of the mouth. The PYRA, PAL, LAP, RIB, ARA, MAN, and TRE tests came up as positive. This can occur due to the presence of a reduced number of proteins that can bind to penicillin. Bacteria Collection: Micrococcus luteus Additional Information. It has survived for at least 34,000 to 170,000 years, as assessed by 16S rRNA analysis, and possibly much longer. The reactions of the four isolates indicated that they belonged to the species M. Zuteus (Kocur & Martinec, 1972). Bharath. When looking back after culturing the isolate, these hypothesies were supported by several of the tests, and served as a good tool to steer me towards what the isolate may be. Once a presumptive identification has been made based on colony and microscopic morphology and the catalase reaction, additional tests can be performed to establish the genus and species of the organism. Micrococcus luteus uses the amino acids and does not grow in the butt of the slant. 1. Further tests that I would do would be testing how much heat resistance it has, the density of a broth suspended sample using a dilution series, test for more antibiotic resistances, and how well it can grow in antibacterial mediums and mediums of different pH levels. Micrococcaceae. Micrococci can grow well in environments with little water or high salt concentrations, including sportswear that is made with synthetic fabrics. Micrococcus luteus (left) Alcaligenes faecalis (middle) Reduction of nitrate to nitrite to be used as a final electron acceptor/Nitrate reductase. Reduction of O2 produces superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, or the hydroxyl radical. The Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit provides convenient and simple step-by-step method for isolating quality genomic DNA from gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. The antibiotic resistance test showed only minor resistance to the antibiotic Oxacillin, which is likely due to a chance inheritance in the population or complete chance because of the weak strength. (2010) What are microbes? M. luteus is the majority of reads on the species level. Other Micrococcus isolates produce various useful products, such as long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons for lubricating oils. What is the biochemical test for Micrococci roseus? The oxidase test tests to see if the microbe contains cytochrome c oxidase. This bacterium can also be transmitted to others due to poor hand-washing practices. It is essential for differentiating catalase-positive Micrococcaceae from catalase-negative Streptococcaceae. Micrococcus also not able to ferment glucose anaerobically (negative) Reply. The sample was then sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technology in UAFs DNA Core Lab. 2002 can be divided into three biovars that are distinguished by several chemotaxonomic and biochemical traits: biovar I represented by the type strain of Micrococcus luteus; biovar II represented by strain D7 DSM 14234 CCM 4959; and biovar III . For the detection of oxidase enzyme, filter paper circular disks impregnated with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide are used. I kept the plate at room temperature for 7 days, and then selected a colony to purify using the pure culture streak plate method. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. Hemolysis is the lysis of the sheep erythrocytes within the agar by bacterial toxins (hemolysins) that are produced by the different genera of Gram-positive cocci. Book a free counselling session. I am an associate professor in the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Wayne State University. Results of the biochemical tests demonstrated that the M. luteus and M. varians strains could be distinguished by their actions on glucose and nitrate reduction (Table I). Those are extremely toxic because they are powerful oxidizing agents and destroy cellular constituents very rapidly. It shows that it is mostly Actinobacteria, with some firmicules ,and proteobacteria mixed in (Figure 2). M. luteus is an obligate aerobe (Medical Laboratories). Micrococcus species by the Taxo A Bacitracin disk test can also be differentiated from staphylococcus species. . Biochemical 1- Catalase (+ve) 2- Coagulase (-ve)